Bank reconcialiation statement is prepared at periodic intervals  for view to causes of disagrrement  between the balance as per cash book and balance as per pass book. It is the statement which shows the differences of cash book and pass .....

The features of cheque are as follows;-   It is a written order to the bank to pay a amount to the person. It has clear instruction is to be written to get cash from the bank. It is a easy method to collect cash from banks. It helps in our .....

Some of its features can be only cash and banking transactions are recorded cash column have debit or nil balance as cash cannot be negative bank colum can have debit or credit .....

Purchase and sales .....

Journal is a book of original entry Ledger is a book of second entry Journals need not be balanced Ledger accounts need to be balanced. Narration is a must in journal But not required with .....

The objectives of ledger are as follows;- It classified individually in to separate heads of accounts by nature of journals. It dertermine the debit or credit balance of ledger which is helpful in making of trial balance. It helps for find out .....

The objectives of journal are as follows;- to record the transaction in date wise. to provide as source documents.  to helps for future reference. to have a permanent record of financial .....

A bill of exchange is written promise to repay a sum of amount on demandor fixed date in the future. The party that agrees to repay money is the drawee of bills of exchange , and the party receives money in the future is the drawer.  It is a .....

Under traditional approach, the rules are: Debit- The receiver Credit- The giver Debit- What comes in Credit- What goes out Debit - All expenses and losses Credit - All incomes and gains Under modern approach we can think in a simpler way .....

Direct costs are those material, labour, and other expenses which can easily identified with a unit of production and operation. for eamples, labour cost, carriage of matrials , direct labour cosst, etc. Indirect cost can not easily identified .....

Financial statement provides the information about the business's financial position.  It is written reports of financial affairs of a company, which report communicate the  result of its business operates for a particular period of .....

There is no rate of dividend fixed for equity shares Preference shares have a fixed rate of dividend. Equity shareholders have voting rights. Preference shareholders do not have voting .....

Three features of a company are as follows;- a. It is a artificial person which is created by the law.  b. separate legal entity;  business company has separate legal entity which is directed by the legal. c. limited liability ;- it has .....

For the second transaction, it involves furniture and .....

For the first transaction, it involves capital and .....

a. In case of business started with machinery, cash, bank, we should added all values in the assets side on accounting equation.  on the other hand, capital also increases on capital side on acccounting equation. b. commisison paid decreases .....

Lets start with an example first. Suppose Mr. X works at company XYZ. He gets $20 per day as his wage. He works for 20 days a month. His total wage is $400. This wage of $400 is called as money wage. It is also called as nominal wage. Here, .....

Lets take a very simple example. Company X employs 300 workers in its factory to manufacture shoes. Do you think these 300 workers will work for Company X without receiving any reward? Of course not. Right? So what do you think the company .....

A type of farming where there is the use of equal quantities of capital and labor is called as intensive .....

Why do you think the value of land and the rent price is higher in the areas which are located near cities or market? The land which are far away from market centre may be same in size, area and fertility. But then think about this. The goods .....

Do you think you can cultivate in the midst of Sahara desert? Of course not right? The land in Sahara desert is classified as marginal land. A marginal land is the land that has little agricultural value. It usually has little or no prospect of .....

When the farm production is increased by using more and more plots of land then it is called as extensive cultivation. There is the use of same amount of labor and capital. Lands are cultivated successively from superior to .....

If the tenant has to pay the rent for the land and not for any improvements made in the land, then it is called as economic rent. The costs for any improvements in the land is incurred by the landlord .....

When land or house or machineries and equipment are used by the renter for a particular period of time, the renter has to pay certain amount periodically. Contract rent is the total or actual payment made to the factor owner by the renter. It is .....

When firms or individuals use land or house or machinery and equipment for the purpose of producing goods and services , they have to make a payment to the owner. This payment is called as rent. There are two types of rent. 1. Economic Rent 2. .....

Think about this. ABC Ltd is a company which manufactures leather shoes. To establish its factory, it uses the 4 ropanies of land from Mr. X. Do you think that ABC Ltd can use the land without paying anything to Mr. X? Of course not. Right? So .....

The producer of the goods and services use the four factors of production. The reward given to land is called rent. The reward given to labor is called wage. The reward given to capital is called interest. The reward given to enterprise is .....

Its simply because there is only one firm operating in short run or long run. There are no other competitors. And thus all the profit earned by selling goods/services goes only to that single firm. There is barriers to entry for other firms in .....

.....

See and analyse the above picture. Remember that K is the point of equilibrium. Now can you say what conditions are required in this situation to obtain .....

1. Sometimes there is a single firm which has no close substitutes and with strong legal barriers to entry for other firms.    This type of monopoly is called pure monopoly. 2. If a firm has to face a few alternatice substitutes in .....

Isn't there only one seller? Aren't there more number of buyers? Are there any close substitutes? It has its own independent price policy. Isn't it? Think and analyse about these facts of monoply .....

Do you know Nepal Oil Corporation (NOC)? Do you think there are other firms like NOC which operate in distributing petroleum products in Nepal? Of course not. Right? This is called as monopoly. A monoply is a market structure where there is only .....

What does a perfect competition mean? It means that there are large number of buyers and large number of sellers. Right? Even in long run, what happens is, firms need to share the total amount of profit. This is because there are large number of .....

Look at the figure below and then analyse whether all conditions are fulfilled or .....

Understand which aspect is effected by the transaction. Accounting equation states Assets = Capital + Liabilities So first determine, whether asset is increasing/decreasing whether it has effect on capital or not and whether the liabilities are .....

I hope you know that when the demand equals to supply then it is called as the point of equilibrium. Let us say that, the demand for a commodity is 200 kgs of sugar in the market. But then the firm is just being able to produce and sell 150 kgs of .....

What do you think is a perfectly competitive market? The word itself says that there is competition among firms. That means there are more sellers. People or consumers have wide choices of similar goods available to them. Any firm can enter and .....

An infinite number of buyers and an infinite number of sellers is one of the characteristics a perfectly competitive market. All these sellers produce homogeneous products of uniform types. Do you think this type of market structure .....

The MR - MC approach also helps in determining the equilibrium of the firm. This approach tells that, when the Marginal Revenue is equal to the Marginal Cost, the firm is in the condition to earn the highest profit ever. Therefore it is the .....

Let me ask you a question first. When do you think the firm attains its highest profit? Hint: You have to make use of the concept of revenue and .....

Look at the following statement. The production manager of Company X says, " Its of no use to increase or decrease our production level. Even though we produce more output, we are not going to generate more profit. And even if we decrease .....

Just try to think of names of firms which produces toothpaste. Colgate Pepsodent Sensodyne Close Up Divya Danta Kanti These all are independent firms. But the sum total or cluster of these firms is called as an industry. An industry is a .....

Take an example of Shikhar Shoes. It is a Nepali company that produces various designs of shoes. Take another example of Bentley. It is also a company that produces various designs of shoes. Both Shikhar Shoes and Bentley are considered as .....

What do you think it is by the title 'The last voyage of the Ghost Ship'? Have you noticed the language the writer has used? Is it how we usually tell a story? Or something like how our mind flow into a continuous flux of thoughts? So where .....

.....

It's dark and the road is narrow. So, how can the writer do full justice? To the dead dear? What does it mean to try to save any? ...... more dead?  See the 'swerve' of his mind to save more life pushing over the edge into river. .....

The poet is put in a dilemma by a situation and here he makes a decision. What happens if the dead dear is left on the edge? Can he 'swerve' as the road is narrow? What happens if he 'swerve'? ............might make .....

They were not really happy. What did she always think of as she was held in arms by Alyohin? There is the cause of dissatisfaction. Please write in a .....

Is she cruel/loving?  someone from big city? rural?  does writer show any attachment?  Describe citing words from the .....