When a living plant cell is kept in water or hypotonic solution, water enters into the cell sap by osmosis. The enrty of water into the cell sap, a pressure is created which presses the protoplast against the cell walls as a result cell become .....

Formation of RNA from DNA during the time of protein synthesis is known as .....

The major product of C3 cycle is .....

Geotropism means movement of plant in response to gravitational .....

Respiration transforms the energy stored in foods eaten by an organism into energy that can be used for metabolic processes that sustain the organism's life. The imporatnce of the respiratory system is critical; organisms can endure many days .....

Most of cell activity requires chemical energy. Respiration is the cellular process of releasing energy from food. Aerobic respiration releases fifteen times more energy than fermentation. The following wight points will highlight the eight major .....

The names of plant hormones are: i. Cytokinins ii. Auxin iii. .....

Following are the features of typical dicot stem: 1. Epidermis: It is upper most single layer of the stem made up of compact arranged, thin walled parenchy matous cells. The epidermis is externally covered by thin or thick cuticle. The epidermis of .....

Permanent tissue is composed of cells which have lost the power of division. It is of three types: simple permanent tissue, complex permanent tissue and special tissue. Simple permanent tissues: A simple tissue which is made up of similar types of .....

Dicot leaf or dorsiventral leaf: It is arranged usually at right angle to rays of sun. Its dorsal surface recives much light than ventral surface. To study the anatomy of the dicoety ledonous leaf, several verticles sections passing through the mid .....

Tissue is a group of similar or dissimliar cells having common origin, similar structure and common methods of development as well as similar set of fucntion.In plant two types of tissues are found known as meristematic tissues and permanent .....

Dicot Stem Monocot Stem Hypodermis is made up of collenchymatous tissue. Hypodermis is made up of sclerenchmatous tissue. Ground tissue is heterogenous which is made up of cortex, endodermis, pericycle, pith and pith .....

i. It is simple non-lignified living mechanical tissue with or without intercellular spaces and originated from the ground meristem. ii. It is polygonal, spherical or elongated with pointed or rounded ends. iii. The cell walls unevenly thicken and .....

In collateral vascular bundle, xylem and phloem lie together on the same radius, xylem being internal and phloem external in position. In this case the phloem occurs on one side of the xylem strand. In a dicot stem the collateral vascular bundle .....

Following are the structure and functions of sclerenchyma. i. It is a long, elongated cell with narrow and pointed ends. ii. It is lignified and thick walled dead cell that does not perform metabolism. iii. It is developed either from procambium or .....

Dicot Root: 1. Epiblema or epidermis or piliferous layer: It is outermost unilayered with several unicellular root hairs. It consists of thin walled, compactly arranged living parenchymatous cells. Epiblema of a root differs from the epidermis of .....

It is heterogenous system of cells. It consits of more than one type of cells working as a unit. It consists of parenchymatous and sclerenchymatous cells. They are also known as conducting tissues because they are involved in the conduction of .....

They are: Exocrine Glands Endocrine Glands They have ducts that is they are ducted. They are ductless glands that is they do not have ducts. They secrete enzymes, mucus, milk, sweat, oil, and other .....

Bile or gall is dark green fluid produced by the liver of human being that aids the digestion of fats in the small intestines. In humans, bile is produced continuously by the hepatocytes of the liver, and stored and concentrated in the gall bladder. .....

Vitamins are micronutirents synthesized by plants. When plants like fruits and vegetables are eaten by us, the vitamins are absorbed into our body. Other animals have the same ability to absorb vitamins from plants, so some vitamins are obtained .....

The ventricles have thicker walls than that of auricles because the ventricles need to pump the blood out of the heart at greater pressure compared to .....

In the process of gloemrular all compounds such as amino acids, salts glucose and water are seperated from the blood. The pure blood remains. That is why it is called .....

Dead space menas the volume of air that enters the airways and lungs, but doesnot take part in the gas exchange. The inhaled air either remains in the conducting airways, or reaches the alveoli that are poorly supplied with blood .....

HIV is virus which spreads through blood or other body fluids. Drug addicts are at high risk of getting infected by HIV primarily in two ways: i. If a needle has been used by a HIV positive person, infected blood can be injected into the person who .....

Double circulation is a type of circulatory system that occurs in mammals, in which the blood passes through the heart twice before completing a full of circuit of the body. It includes two steps: i. Pulmonary circulation: The circulation of blood .....

The actual exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs in the lung between the alveoli and a network of tiny blood vessels called capillaries, which are located in the wall of the .....

Nerve impulse is defined as the sum total of physical chemical disturbances created by a stimulus (electrical, chemical or mechanical) in a neuron which results in a movement of a wave along the nerve fibre. Nerve impulse is an electrical impulse .....

The muscles involved in breathing are as follows: i. External intercostals muscles ii. Internal intercostals muslces iii. .....

Fertilization takes place in the ampullary region (ampulla) of the oviduct (Fallopian tube) in .....

Anti-diuretic Hormone (ADH) or Vasopressin, secreted by the pituitary gland, controls .....

Gastrulation is the process of highly integrated cell and tissue migrations of prospective endodermal and mesodermal areas to their definite positions into the interior of the embryo. These movements are self determined and interdependent and are .....

According to this theory, shoot apex is dome shaped in outline and protected by young leaf called leaf primordial. It has two parts: outer mantle like tunica and inner mass of cells called corpus. Cells of tunica are smaller. They undergo anticlinal .....

Undifferentiated meristematic tissue present between xylem and phloem in dicot stem is called cambium. It helps in secondary .....

The two names of permanent tissue are: Xylem and .....

Sclereids are highly thickened dead sclerenchymatous tissue. They are also called stone cells. Sclereids provide strength and hardiest to stony fruits like almond, coconut .....

The vascular tissue in plants which conducts sugars and other metabolic products downwards from leaves. It is made up of four elements called companion cell, sieve element, pholem parenchyma and pholem .....

The group of cells which have the capacity of division is called meristematic cells e.g. cells of apical region of .....

Its function as a pore, providing a pathway for the direct exchange of gases between the internal tissues and atmosphere through the bark, which is otherwise impermeable to .....

The function of scherenchyma is to provide mechanical .....

Two elements of xylem bundle are: i. Xylem vessel ii. Xylem .....

The meristematic tissues which are located at the growing point of main and lateral shoots is called apical .....

Tissue is a group of similar or dissimilar cells having common origin, similar structure and common methods of development as well as similar set of function. In plant two types of tissues are found known as meristematic tissues and permanent .....

The main function of xylem are: i. Conduction of water and minerals from root to leaves. ii. Provide the mechanical .....

The steps have been shown below.                                    2KMnO4 → K2O + 2MnO + 5[O]               .....

Here, C atoms can be balanced by placing 3 before CH4 and Al can be balanced by placing 4 before Al(OH)3. Now the equation becomes                                   .....

The C and H atoms in this equation should be balanced first because they only exist once on either side. A reasonable number can be added before O2 later to balance the O atoms (which will not change the number of C and H atoms). There are 4 H .....

Mass ratio C:H = 3:1 Ratio of number of moles of atom = \(\frac{3}{12}:\frac{1}{1} \)                                     .....

Molecular mass of Al2O3 = 2×27+3×16= 54+48 = 102 Percent of Al = Mass of Al in Al2O3/Molecular mass Al2O3                           =  .....

In general we can understand the priod of the periodic table as one of the horizontal rows in the periodic table, all of whose elements have the same number of electron shells. In this, as atomic number increases, shells fill with electrons in .....

A small animal with six legs two pairs of wings and a body which is divided into three parts is known as insects. For example:-  ants, bees,butterflies .....